Commission for Examination of Witnesses under the Civil Procedure Code (CPC)
The Commission for Examination of Witnesses is a mechanism provided under the Civil Procedure Code (CPC), 1908 that allows the court to appoint a commissioner to record the evidence of…
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) & Civil Procedure Code (CPC)
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) refers to a range of methods used to resolve disputes outside of the traditional courtroom litigation. These methods are aimed at providing faster, more cost-effective, and…
Inherent Powers of the Court
The concept of inherent powers of a court refers to the power inherent in a court to make orders or take actions necessary for the administration of justice, even if…
Foreign Judgments & Their Enforcement
The enforcement of foreign judgments refers to the recognition and implementation of judgments passed by foreign courts in the courts of another country. In India, the enforcement of foreign judgments…
Suits by Indigent Persons (Order 33 CPC)
Order 33 of the Civil Procedure Code (CPC) deals with the suits by indigent persons, providing a mechanism for individuals who are unable to pay the requisite court fees to…
Reference, Review & Revision under CPC
In the context of the Civil Procedure Code (CPC), reference, review, and revision are legal processes that provide additional avenues to parties aggrieved by a decision or order of a…
Appeals in CPC (Civil Procedure Code)
An appeal is a process by which a party seeks a review of a decision made by a lower court. Under the Civil Procedure Code (CPC), an appeal is a…
Execution of Decrees & Orders
The execution of decrees and orders is a critical part of the civil procedure, ensuring that the relief granted by the court is enforced. When a court issues a decree…
Judgment, Decree & Order
In the context of Civil Procedure Code (CPC), Judgment, Decree, and Order are important terms that define the various types of decisions made by a court. Each of these terms…
Res Judicata & Res Sub Judice
Both Res Judicata and Res Sub Judice are important legal doctrines that aim to prevent judicial inefficiency, avoid conflicting decisions, and protect the interests of the parties involved. They are…